Abstract: Objective: To research the mechanisms of the muscle-specific microRNAs in the tongue’s differentiation of the retinoic acid induced tongue dysplasia by measuring the expression of MyomiRs, MRFs and Pax3/Pax7. Methods: A retinoic acid induced tongue dysplasia mouse model was established. The tongues were collected at E13.5, E14.5 and E15.5. The expression levels of MyomiRs, MRFs and Pax3/Pax7 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: During the tongue development, the expression of miR-1 and miR-206 was keeping rising both in the tongues of RA-treated mice and normal ones. While the expression of miR-1 and miR-206 in the RA-treated mice’s tongues was less than in the normal ones. The results of miR-1 at E14.5 and E15.5 had statistical significance (P<0.01) and the results of miR-206 at E13.5 had statistical significance (P<0.05). The expression of MyoD and Myf5 in the normal and RA-treated mice’s tongues reached the peak at E14.5 then reduced. At E13.5 and E14.5, the expression of MyoD in the RA-treated mice’s tongues was less than the normal ones. But at E15.5, the expression of MyoD in the RA-treated mice’s tongues was higher (P<0.01). And at E14.5 and E15.5, the expression of Myf5 in the RA-treated mice’s tongues was lesser compared to the normal ones. During the tongue myogenesis of normal and RA-treated mice the expression of Pax3 in the tongue reached the peak at E14.5, and the expression of Pax7 in both of them reached the peak at E15.5. Compared to the normal mice, the expression of Pax3 was higher at E14.5 (P<0.05), and the expression of Pax7 was higher at E13.5 (P<0.01) in the RA-treated mice’s tongues. Conclusions: During the tongue myogenesis, miR1/miR-206, Pax3/Pax7 and Myf5/MyoD were associated. In the retinoic acid induced tongue dysplasia, the correlation still existed. RA may down-regulate miR-1/miR-206 which targeted on Pax3/Pax7, following down-regulate the expression of MyoD/Myf5 to inhibit the myogenesis in tongues of RA-treated mice, resulted in tongue dysplasia.