Abstract: Objective：This study aimed at fabricating three-dimensional porous graphene (G) / poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) composite scaffolds and establishing the potential for further application of G/PLGA porous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Methods：Different concentrations of graphene was mixed with PLGA (G/PLGA, wt.‰: 0, 0.5‰, 5‰) and the porous structure of G/PLGA composite scaffold was formed by using sodium bicarbonate. CCK-8 test, cytoskeleton staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, as well as RT-PCR test were used to detect the cytotoxicity of G/PLGA scaffolds and their effects on the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Results：Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the inner connected porous structure of the three-dimensional G/PLGA scaffold as well as the uniform distribution of graphene in the scaffolds. CCK-8 test indicated that G/PLGA porous scaffolds had no obvious cytotoxicity. Compared with BMSCs seeded on PLGA scaffold, the ALP activity of BMSCs seeded on the G/PLGA scaffolds increased and the expression of bone related genes was significantly up-regulated with increase of G concentration. G/PLGA porous scaffold containing 5‰ graphene showed more obvious effects on osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions：The G/PLGA three-dimensional porous scaffold prepared in this research possessed good biocompatibility and could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Thus, it has been expected to be used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.