Abstract: Caries and trauma may cause pulpo-dentinal complex injury, and the existing clinical treatment can not effectively promote the regeneration of pulpo-dentinal complex. In recent years, dental tissue regeneration based on mesenchymal stem cells has been the forefront of current research. Multiple factors may significantly affect the efficacy of pulpo-dentinal complex regeneration, including stem cells, extracellular signaling molecules and biomaterial scaffolds. Based on this, this paper will briefly discuss the effects of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and other odontogenic stem cells on the regeneration of pulpo-dentinal complex, as well as the possible regulatory roles of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, extracellular signaling molecules and biomaterial scaffolds, in order to promote the repair and regeneration of pulpo-dentinal complex mediated by stem cells or stem cell derivatives.