Abstract: Objective：To explore clinical effect of intratumoral injection of pingyangmycin (PYM) on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in infantile hemangioma serum in proliferative stage and its significance. Methods：23 infantile hemangioma cases in proliferative stage were enrolled to measure the content of VEGF in hemangioma serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and 3 days,7 days,14 days after intralesional injection of PYM. Results：The expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum 3 days and 7 days after intralesional injection of PYM decreased significantly as compared to that before treatment (P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference between expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum 14 days after intralesional injection of PYM and that before injection (P>0.05). Conclusions：Intratumoral injection of pingyangmycin to treat infantile hemangioma in proliferative stage can obviously decrease expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum, but it has timeliness. It remains open to question to evaluate the growth rate of infantile hemangioma and clinical effectiveness of PYM for infantile hemangioma based on only the expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum.