Abstract: Objective: to compare the periodontal regeneration of different specific-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), human jaw-derived bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hJBMMSCs) and human iliac-derived bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hJBMMSCs) were cultured in vitro. After osteogenic induction, relative osteogenic tests were performed. PDLSCs induced by JBMMSCs/IBMMSCs were tested osteogenic expression by RTPCR. Cell aggregates (CAs) of PDLSCs and JBMMSCs/IBMMSCs were compound. The osteogenic genes expression were tested; PDL regeneration in nude mice ectopic transplantation was observed. Results: After osteogenic induction, relative osteogenic tests of JBMMSCs were higher than those of IBMMSCs and PDLSCs. PDLSCs induced by JBMMSCs expressed stronger osteogenic genes than by IBMMSCs. CAs of PDLSCs/JBMMSCs expressed stronger osteogenic genes, made more regular and vertical inserting fibers into the surface of CBB, regenerated more new bone matrix than CAs of PDLSCs/IBMMSCs. Conclusions: JBMMSCs and PDLSCs are specific-tissue MSCs and more appropriate for PDL regeneration.