Abstract: Objective：To explore the effect of miR-1 on the development of neural crest in zebrafish. Methods：We observed the development of mandible and cranial cartilages at 96 hours post fertilization (hpf) after knockdown the miR-1. Then we carried out the TUNEL and immunofluorescence of phosphorylation of histone H3 (pH3) to study the apoptosis and proliferation of the neural crest cells. Results：In this study, it is demonstrated that knockdown of miR-1 resulted in the impaired craniofacial chondrogenesis. We observed reduced lower jaw, abnormal mandibular and ceratohyal cartilage. We also found knockdown of miR-1 promoted the cell death and suppressed the proliferation during the development of neural crest cells. Conclusions：These results indicate an important role for miR-1 in neural crest cells development and suggest involvement of miR-1 in neural crest cell viability.