Abstract: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are not only the key cell sources for bone regeneration, but also play an immunomodulatory role by recruiting and regulating the phenotype and function of macrophages. At the same time, macrophages not only create a good microenvironment for bone regeneration by removing cell debris and necrotic tissue, but also participate in bone regeneration by affecting the migration and differentiation of BMMSCs. Therefore, the regulation of the interaction between BMMSCs and macrophages is of great significance for bone regeneration. This article reviews the recent progress of the interaction between BMMSCs and macrophages and its regulatory strategies during bone regeneration.

Key words: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, bone regeneration