Abstract: Objective： To investigate the effect of recombined human parathyroid hormone rhPTH (1-34) on the proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) in vitro. Methods： Primary SCAPs were isolated by the method of enzyme digestion. SCAPs were intermittently stimulated by complete medium, 1×10-12 mol/L, 1×10-11 mol/L, 1×10-10 mol/L, 1×10-9 mol/L and 1×10-8 mol/L rhPTH (1-34). Then SCAPs were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with different concentrations of rhPTH(1-34) and the optimal concentration of rhPTH(1-34) was determined by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of SCAPs. RT-PCR was performed to investigate the odonto/osteogenic potential of SCAPs by detecting the expression of osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP). Results： ALP activity was significantly upregulated by 1×10-8 mol/L rhPTH(1-34), while CCK8 assay showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the proliferation ability between the control group and the rhPTH(1-34) intermittently treated group. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the odonto/osteogenic markers (OCN, OSX, RUNX2, DSP) were significantly upregulated in rhPTH(1-34) intermittently treated group as compared with control group. Conclusions：The intermittently treated rhPTH (1-34) has no effect on the proliferation of SCAPs, but can significantly promote the capacity of their odonto/osteogenic differentiation.