Abstract: Schwann cells show strong plasticity in Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). They activate into repair schwann cells to clear myelin debris and guide axon regeneration and other important repair processes. Stem cells have the characteristics of self-renewal, multipotent differentiation and immune system regulation, so the therapeutic strategy of using stem cells to induce directional differentiation into this kind of repair schwann cells shows great potential. Odontogenic stem cells (DSCs) have obvious advantages over other stem cells, such as easy access, minimally invasive and negligible ethical issues. This article reviews the directional differentiation, secretion of nutritional factors and gene regulation of various types of odontogenic stem cells in the process of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration in recent years.