Abstract: Hypoxia is a common state of oxidative stress in cells, which affects the process of energy metabolism of cells, and mitochondria are an important part of energy production in cells. In addition to their role in metabolism, recent studies have also found that mitochondria play an important role in regulating the function of mesenchymal stem cells. In this paper, we reviewed the effects of hypoxia on mitochondrial energy metabolism of mesenchymal stem cells and related mechanisms, aiming to find out the key targets for hypoxia to enhance the function of mesenchymal stem cells, and to provide new ideas and methods for promoting the tissue regeneration mediated by mesenchymal stem cells.