Objective： To study the invitro biologic characteristics of dental follicle cells with cleidocranial dysplasia (DFCs-CCD) including proliferation ability, clone-forming efficiency, osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis abilities. Methods： Brdu cell proliferation and population doubling time assays for cell proliferationo ability, crystal violet staining with cells cultured for 12 days for clone-forming efficiency, Western blot and alizarin red staining for osteogenesis ability and real-time PCR for osteoclastogenesis ability. Results： DFCs-CCD gave higher BrdU positive results. The population doubling time was (1.834±0.093) d of DFCs and (1.394±0.028) d of DFCs-CCD (P<0.05). DFCs-CCD presented more clones and weaker expression of Runx2, Osrerix, Ocn and alizarin red staining. DFCs-CCD also expressed stronger levels of OPG and RANK, but no statistical difference of RANKL(P＞0.05). Conclusions：DFCs-CCD exhibited stronger cell proliferation and clone-forming abilities, weaker osteogenesis and disorganized osteoclastogenesis abilities.

Objective：To explore the influence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the ability of invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cancer cells. Methods：We used phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate （PMA）and macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）to make THP-1 monocytes differentiate into TAMs, and then we collected the culture media of TAMs as condition medium (CM) to stimulate oral squamous cancer cells. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the expression of MMPs before and after stimulation of TAMs. The ability of invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cells was measured by Transwell assays. Results：When treated with PMA and M-CSF, THP-1 cells became attached，and differentiated into TAMs. Compared to control group, the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13 mRNA in experimental group were up-regulated when treated with TAMs CM for 48h. Protein level of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13 was up-regulated accordingly. And stimulation of TAMs CM for 24h increased invasion of oral cancer cells. Conclusions：TAMs may promote the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cancer cells through enhancing production of MMPs.

Objective： To analyze the diversity of Methanogenic archaea in endodontic infections and establish the phylogenetic tree based on functional gene mcrA. Methods：Using PCR and a pair of specific primers，mcrA was selectively amplified from total genomic DNA extracted from the microbial community in the root canal of endodontic infections. Positive clones were selected by blue-white screening, and the mcrA sequences were determined by DNA sequencing. ‘Clustalx’and ‘Mega 4’ software bags were used to analyze mcrA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out and the phylogenetic tree of methanogenic archaea was established. Results：Four root canals of endodontic infections were analyzed. We found one case positive for Methanogenic archaea. A phylogenetic tree based on functional gene mcrA was established. The mcrA fragments in endodontic infections showed high sequence similarity with Methanobrevibacter oralis. Conclusions： The diversity of Methanogenic archaea in the one sample from endodontic infections in this study was confined to Methanobrevibacter oralis-like sequence types.

Objective: To investigate the effect on the proliferation and the apoptosis of the human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line SCC9 through exogenous inhibition of Neuropilin-1(NRP-1). Methods: Western blot and real-time RT-PCR were employed to examine the effect on the expression of NRP-1 in cell line SCC9 exogenous inhibition of NRP-1. Besides, cell counting and flow cytometry(FC) methods were used to examine the influence of the proliferation and the apoptosis of the SCC9 cells exogenous inhibition of NRP-1. Results: After the inhibition, mRNA level of NRP-1 decreased, whereas the expression of protein level of NRP-1 did not decrease obviously. Exogenous inhibition of NRP-1 enhances the apoptosis of SCC9 cells while rarely affects the proliferation of SCC9 cells. Conclusions: Exogenous inhibition of NRP-1 enhances the apoptosis of the SCC9 cells.

Objective：To study the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS) in head and neck. Methods：The clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical features were evaluated in 11 cases of RMS in head and neck. Results：11 cases were retrieved from the pathological archive of this hospital. 8 cases were male, and 3 cases female, with their ages ranging from 2 to 51 years (median, 25 years). Typical clinical presentation was characteried by pain or painless masses located in head and neck. Histological subtypes：8 cases were embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma(ERMS)，3 cases alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma(ARMS). Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for desmin and vimentin. The positive staining rates for MyoD1 and myogenin were 45% and 55%, respectively. 2 cases were positive for Syn. The remaining antibodies(CK, LCA, CD99)were all negative. Follow-up information was available in 8 cases, ranging from 6 months to 5 years, which revealed that 2 patients died of the disease and 4 patients developed local recurrences, and 2 patients had metastasis. Conclusions：RMS in head and neck is a rare neoplasm, and the clinical presentations are not typical. The diagnosis can be established by hispathological and immunohistochemical examination.

Objective： To observe the expression of tight junction proteins in rat submandibular glands. Methods： The rat submandibular glands were isolated, frozen, and made into sections. Immunohistochemistry staining was used for observation. Results：Claudin-3 was expressed both in acinar and ductal cells. Claudin-4 was only expressed in ductal cells but not in acinar cells. Co-staining of claudin-4 with ZO-1, Claudin-3 with Occludin suggest that they are all distributed in tight junction. Conclusions：Tissue-specific expression of the tight junction proteins claudins was found in rat submandibular glands.

Objective: To determine the differences on the micro-tensile bond strength between different fresh and aged composite resin．Methods: Thirty composite resin specimens (Clearfil AP-X) were prepared． After being stored in distilled water at 37 ℃ for one month, composite surface was roughened with diamond bur and divided into three groups randomly, ten specimens in each group. In group A, ten specimens were used as substrate with adhesive to adhere fresh AP-X composite; fresh Z250 composite in group B; fresh TPH composite in group C. Specimens were then tested for the micro-tensile bond strength( μTBS) in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure．Results: μTBS of group B was the highest in the three groups. That of group C was second highest, and that of group A was the lowest. There were significant differences between three groups．Conclusions: In repairing aged composite resin, it is not necessary to use the same resin, which simplifies the clinical operation.

Periodontitis is a human oral chronic infectious diseases. The recent studies indicate that the imbalance between Th17/Treg cells and their cytokines play an important role in the development of periodontitis. Th17 cells promote inflammation and cause alveolar bone destruction, IL-17 is the main effector of Th17 cells. Treg cells secrete IL-10 and TGF-β, which can suppress inflammation. And Tregs can suppress the function of Th17 cells by cell-cell contacting. But the role and mechanism Th17/Treg imbalance in the development of periodontitis is not clear. This review highlights the role of Th17 cells and Treg cells in periodontitis, and the influence that Th17/Treg imbalance brings to the initiation development of periodontitis.

Oligosaccharides of hyaluronan were able to promote endothelial cell proliferating and induce angiogenesis, the biological activities of o-HA depend on its molecular weight. Studies have shown that the biological functions of o-HA are initiated through cell surface receptors or HA-binding proteins, resulting in signal transduction activation and ultimately angiogenesis. We review the pro-angiogenesis activity of o-HA and the involved functional mechanism.

近年研究发现，辛伐他汀可促进牙髓干细胞的增殖和成牙本质向分化。因此，有关牙本质再生方面的研究也逐步开展。本文就辛伐他汀促进牙本质再生修复的机制、实验研究进展进行综述。

Rapid Maxillary Expansion can effectively expand maxillary arch , it applies not only to children and adolescents, but also can be successfully used for treatments of the adult whose maxillary arch is constrictive. This paper introduces the young adult and the child application of rapid maxillary expansion , such as the biological basis of expanding arch ;the existence of various differences, the changes in the molar and palatine form in the process of expanding arch ;ease and its long-term effect and the stability , their respective advantages and the problems which need to pay attention to.