Objective： To explore the effect of farnesol on sensitivity to fluconazole of Candida albicans (C.albicans) in different states. Methods：We used XTT reduction assay to test the inhibitory effects of farnesol on the C.albicans planktonic and biofilms in vitro. The research included four groups:farensol-treated planktonic group, farnesol-free planktonic group, farnesol-treated biofilms group and farnesol-free biofilms group. Results：The XTT analysis suggested there is no significant difference on the antifungal suscepitibility of farnesol-treated planktonic and farnesol-free planktonic when treated with fluconazole (P>0.05), but there is remarkable difference on farnesol-treated biofilm and farnesol-free biofilm when treated with flucoazole (P<0.05). Conclusions：Farnesol can increase the antifungal suscepitibility of C. albicans biofilm.

Objective：Simvastatin chitosan-glycerophosphae gel, was used for sustained release of simvastatin, and an experimental model of pulpotomy in rats was established, so as to explore the role of simvastatin after dental pulp injure. Methods：Chitosan-glycerophosphae gel and chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with simvastatin into the gel was prepared. The controlled release of simvastatin, as measured by UV spectrophotometry , was monitored for 60 days. Pulpotomy in rat maxillary first molars, using simvastatin chitosan gel(S-C-GP), chitosan gel(C-GP), and calcium hydroxide as direct pulp capping materials，and the contralateral teeth were used as controls. 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after the operation, animals were sacrificed. X-ray observation was carried out in 30 minutes, then slicements were HE stained after EDTA decalcified. Results： Chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel solidified within 15 minutes at 37 ℃, and simvastatin chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel solidified within 8 minutes at 37 ℃. During monitoring of the controlled release, after a short and fast 48 h release, a stable release process could be observed no less than 60 days. The percentage of cumulative release was about 61.5% within 60 days. High density image in the root canal orifice could be seen in Ca(OH)2 28 d group, while in S-G-CP group, it could be seen earlier in 7 d,14 d, and 28 d group. The HE stain of S-G-CP 7d and 28d group shows difference with Ca(OH)2 group in the progress of repairtive dentinogenesis, and the S-G-CP group shows better histocompatibility and earilier repairtive dentinogenesis. Conclusions：The chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel as a carrier, loaded simvastatin, has a sustainable release of the active simvastatin. Animal experiments, simvastatin chitosan gel for vital pulp after direct pulp capping, show its potency in promoting the tertiary dentinogenesis. It is an experimental evidence for simvastatin as a direct pulp capping material in vivo.

Objective：To investigate the effect of baicalin on the proliferation and odento/osteogenic differentiation of huaman dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro. Methods：hDPSCs were isolated from dental pulp and then were cultured in alpha minimun essential medium(α-MEM) supplimented with or without baicalin. MTT colorimetric method was used to examine the proliferation ability of hDPSCs. The effect of baicalin on the odento/osteogenic differentiation was observed by alkaline phosphotase(ALP) activity and Western blot. Results： MTT assay showed that there was no significant difference between baicalin-treated and untreated control cells (P>0.05), and ALP activity assay demonstrated that 0~20μmol/L baicalin enhanced the ALP activity of DPSCs(P<0.01), and Western blot revealed that the odento/osteogenic marker (RUNX2, DSP, OSX, OPN, OCN) was significantly upregulated in baicalin-treated cells compared with the untreated cells. Conclusions： Baicalin has no effect on the proliferation of DPSCs, but enhances the capacity of odento/osteogenic differentiation.

Thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory testing (QST) in the Trigeminal Region: Site and Gender Differences GU Xinyu1 ZHANG Jinglu 2, MO Xueyin2, LV Dong1, CHEN Wenjing1. (1.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of oral diseases, Nanjing Medical University ?Department of Orthodontics，Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology， Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029, China;2.Orofacial Pain & TMD Research Unit, Institute of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China) Corresponding author: CHEN Wen-jing，Email: chenwenjing _orth@163.com，Tel: 0086-25-85031847 [Abstract] Aims: To establish a quantitative sensory testing (QST) profile in the trigeminal (V) area and test for site and gender differences in healthy humans. Methods: Fourty subjects （20 male,20 female）participated the study..The sensitivity was examined bilaterally in facial sites supplied by the infraorbital (V2) and mental (V3) nerves. The colddetection threshold (CDT), cold pain threshold (CPT), warm detection threshold (WDT), heat pain threshold (HPT), mechanical detection threshold (MDT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT) were determined. Data were tested with ANOVAs for repeated measures and post-hoc comparisons were calculated using Bonferroni tests. Results:A significantly lower threshold (lower sensitivity) was detected for CDT (P =.002), and significantly lower thresholds (higher sensitivity) for WDT (P = .012) and HPT(P = .034) in woman . There were significant differences with lower threshold (lower sensitivity) in V2 compared to V3 for CDT (P = .001) and lower threshold (higher sensitivity) for HPT(P< .001). There were no significant right-to-left side differences for any of the QST parameters. Conclusion: Application of the thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory test may evaluate the sensory function of the V area.

Objective： To compare the influences of Er: YAG laser irradiation with different working parameters on dentinal tubule occlusion, and to find the best combination of parameter settings. Methods：54 dentin discs and dentin hypersensitivity models formed by 0.5 mol/L EDTA demineralization were prepared and randomly divided into 9 groups each containing 6 specimens according to different output power, irradiation time and irradiation distances of the Er:YAG laser. A table for orthogonal optimization experiment was designed. Specimens were evaluated with regard to dentin orifice occlusion under scanning transmission electron microscopes (SEM). Results： SEM showed most of the dentinal tubules in the demineralization group were clearly open, while they were partially or fully occluded by Er:YAG irradiation. There were significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Conclusions：Subject to working parameters, Er:YAG laser irradiation can be effective in narrowing or occluding the dentinal tubules. The best combination of working parameters with the most influential irradiation distance is: Distance = 2.0 cm, Power = 0.2 W and Time = 30 s.

Objective：The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance of zirconia 4-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) framework in the posterior dentition. Methods：A CAD/CAM system was used to prepare zirconia 4-unit FPDs frameworks with different thickness including 0.6 mm and 0.7 mm.All FDPs were anchored by first premolar and second molar crowns to rehabilitate the second premolar and first molar.The prepared FDPs were cemented on the model using a resin cement. All the FDPs were subjected to load until fracture.One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.Results：There was no significant difference among the fracture resistance of group 0.6 mm(1070.5±139.3)N and group 0.7 mm(1217.3±120.5)N (P>0.05).Conclusions：The fracture resistance of zirconia 4-unit FPDs framework in the posterior dentition can be reliable. [Key words] Zirconia；4-unit FPDs；Fracture resistance

Farnesol is an important quorum-sensing molecule in candida albicans,it is involved in the inhibition of germination and biofilm formation by Candida albicans ,and can be cytotoxic or trigger apoptosis at certain concentrations.This article will mainly review the effect and related mechanisms of farnesol on biofilm formation ,morphogenetic transition,growth and viability,drug resistance,apoptosis response and hydrogen peroxide resistance response in candida albicans.

Quantitative thermal perception testing（QTT) is a simply operated, noninvasive psychophysical method to assess somatosensory function ,whose result is sensitivity, specificity, reliability and repeatability. In recent years, its use in the field of oral medicine has increased,and made outstanding contributions in researching chronic pain mechanisms, diagnosis of disease and assessment of prognosis. This article is aim to review application of QTT in the field of oral medicine

Autologous soft tissue graft is very common in mucogingiva surgery.However,in cases of multiple recipient sites,increased palatal wound add to more pain for patients.This article is aimed at discussing the possibility of acellular dermal matrix（ADM）replacing autograft in mucogingiva surgery.