Objective：To find the relationship between Rap1b and the zebrafish craniolfacial development. Methods：Detect the expression of Rap1b in the head of zebrafish which was derived from neural crest by real-time RT-PCR.Then compare the expression of Rap1b and Crestinin the process of zebrafish development with in situ hybridization. Results：The results of real-time RT-PCR indicated that Rap1b was expressed in the craniofacial of zebrafish during the neural crest induction, migration and derivation. The results of in situ hybridization indicated that the expression of Rap1b and Crestin were partial overlap in the dimention of time and space of zebrafish develpment. Conclusions：Rap1b may influence the development of zebrafish craniofacial by regulating the development of neural crest.

Objective：To investigate the effects of ovariectomy on the expression of odonto/osteogenic markers in rat incisor pulps. Methods：10 8-week-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: Ovariectomized group (OVX, n=5) and Sham-operation group (n=5). All rats were anesthetized and both ovaries of OVX-rats were gently removed. Sham-operation rats were treated with the same incisions to expose the ovaries but without any hurt to them. One month after the operation, the incisor pulps were respectively isolated. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate the expression of odonto/osteogenic markers in the two groups. Results：The expression of odonto/osteogenic markers (i.e., RUNX2/RUNX2, OSX/OSX, OCN/OCN, and DSPP/DSP) in OVX group was significantly weaker than that in Sham group. However，the expression of ALP was not significantly changed. Conclusions：Ovariectomy can downregulate the expression of odonto/osteogenic markers in dental pulps, indicating that ovariectomy decreased the odonto/osteogenic capacity of dental pulp cells.

Objectives. Nickel has been widely used as a constituent of many dental alloys for several decades; however, the potential cytotoxic effects on oral tissues and its mechanism remain undefined. Therefore, the object of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of nickel ions and explore the relationship with oxidative stress. Methods. L929 cells were exposed to different concentrations of nickel ions (0、200、400、800 μM/L）for 24,48 and 72 h, MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of nickel ions. Cellular oxidative stress was evaluated by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the degree of lipid peroxidation (LPO) indicated by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Results. The results of MTT assay showed that cell viabilities at different culture time points were higher than control, The intracellular ROS production and the content of MDA also increased in dose-dependent manner, which had significant difference to the control (P<0.05). Significance. From these studies, it was shown that cell proliferation of L929 cell was obviously inhibited by nickel ions. Nickel ions may induce intracellular oxidative stress, which maybe one of mechanisms of cytotoxic effect of nickel ions on L929 cells.

Objective To investigate the symmetry of upper lip and establish the normal value in three-dimensional directions for adolescents. Methods Cone Beam computed tomography and frontal photographs from 104 orthodontic patients were included. The thickness of upper lip was measured by MIMICS10.0, while the lip width, height of vermilion and upper lip were measured by digital photography-computer aided method. A total of 30 landmarks were selected, 23 lines were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0. Results Most of the measured values of lip in male were statistical different from female, and moreover, all the distances were larger in male. There was a tendency of growth on height, width and thickness of the basal upper lip, but the thickness of labial arch was thinning with the growth of age. The study of discrepancies in upper lip showed 2mm asymmetry on the width, 0.4mm on the vermilion height of christa philtrum. Besides, when symmetric analysis was based on the percentage, the discrepancy on width was largest, thickness intermediary and height least as well. Conclusion Normal three dimensional reference values for upper lips were estimated. All the values were higher in male than female. With the growth of age the thickness of labial arch was thinning, other values tended to largen. Besides, the discrepancies of upper lip were primarily on the width.

Objective：This study intended to investigate the mechanical properties of polymethyl methyacrylate denture base into which zinc oxide whiskers was added. Methods：We conducted the study on five groups divided according to zinc oxide whiskers content which was added to the denture base including control at the rate of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. ISO standard was applied in mechanical tests, and the fractured surfaces of specimens were examined under SEM. Results：Flexural strength, flexural modulus and hardness of composite material increased with the increasing content of zinc oxide whiskers in a limited range. The results showed that the flexural strength, flexural modulus and hardness of composite material rising up to (109.00±2.70) MPa, (3645.30±198.68) MPa, (20.57±0.85) kg/mm2, when the amount of zinc oxide whiskers in the base made up 5% of the total. And the flexural strength of the composites was enhanced by 18.29%, flexural modulus by 16.07%, and hardness by 29.9% compared with that of the control group. Conclusions：Zinc oxide whiskers filler significantly enhanced mechanical properties of denture base.

Objective: To evaluate the corrosion resistance of different roughness surface of the titanium after different surface treatment. Methods: Thirty-three pure titanium specimens were cast and divided into three groups randomly, and then were treated by sandblasting, anodic oxidation and mechanical polishing separately. SEM was thereafter used to observed the surface of titanium after modification. Open circle potential and anode polarization curve were determined in acid artificial saliva containing fluoride. Results: SEM results showed that the surface of titanium after sandblasting exhibited micro-topographical massive deep scratches and pits of irregular shape, different size and sharp edge. But on the anodic oxidation surface nanotopographic, 80 nm-diameter nanotubes were formed. The surface of titanium after mechanical polishing had micro-topographic shallow scratches. In the acid artificial saliva，the corrosion potentials of three groups were in the sequence of anodic oxidation group>mechanical polished group>sandblasted group. The corrosion currents of three groups were sandblasted group>mechanical polished group>anodic oxidation group. Both data have statistical significance. Conclusions: Different surface modifications changed the topography of the titanium and affected the titanium’s corrosion resistance. The nanotopograhpy of titanium achieved by anodic oxidation had better corrosion resistance and sandblasting reduced the corrosion resistance of titanium

Objective：To explore clinical effect of intratumoral injection of pingyangmycin (PYM) on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in infantile hemangioma serum in proliferative stage and its significance. Methods：23 infantile hemangioma cases in proliferative stage were enrolled to measure the content of VEGF in hemangioma serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and 3 days,7 days,14 days after intralesional injection of PYM. Results：The expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum 3 days and 7 days after intralesional injection of PYM decreased significantly as compared to that before treatment (P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference between expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum 14 days after intralesional injection of PYM and that before injection (P>0.05). Conclusions：Intratumoral injection of pingyangmycin to treat infantile hemangioma in proliferative stage can obviously decrease expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum, but it has timeliness. It remains open to question to evaluate the growth rate of infantile hemangioma and clinical effectiveness of PYM for infantile hemangioma based on only the expression of VEGF in hemangioma serum.

Objective：To study the distribution of inpatients that had been infected by hepatitis C virus according to their gender, age, year, disease category and the status of liver function Methods： The data of inpatients who had taken hepatitis C antibody tests in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2008 to 2012 were collected. The patients with hepatitis C antibody positive results were grouped according to their gender, age and year, and their rates of positive results were compared. The data of ALT and AST of the patients with positive hepatitis C antibody were analysed in order to investigate the status of liver function of patients with hepatitis C infection. Results： The positive rate of the inpatients (0.25%) in stomatological hospital was smaller than that of general population (3.2%). The abnormal rate of liver function of the inpatients with positive anti-HCV was 53.33%, and this wa significantly higher than that (17.77%) of the patients with positive HBsAG (χ2＝9.11, P＜0.01). Conclusions：Carrying out the anti-HCV tests on dental patients before operation and traumatic treatment can find out the HCV infectors early. It is necessary to strictly supervise the disinfection of dental equipments. One handpiece should only be used by one patient. Clinical doctors should wear biological safety protection equipments such as face masks. Dental medical staff are needed to strengthen the protection of patients and themselves, strict disinfection of equipment operation, and to prevent nosocomial transmission of HCV. Check of the liver function of the HCV patients should be carried out regularly so as to prevent their liver damage.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are one type of adult stem cells with the potential of self-renewing and multi-differentiation, which are considered as a competent candidate for tooth/bone tissue regeneration. The biological features especially the odonto/osteogenic capacity of DPSCs can be affected by different conditions which subsequently compromises their applications in tissue engineering. Thus, the selection of an ideal microenvironment for DPSCs is much important to the better use of DPSCs in tissue regeneration. This review will mainly focus on the effects of different factors, such as cytokines, conditioned media, scaffold materials, and physical elements on the biology of DPSCs.

[Abstract] The Diagnosis and treatment of impacted maxillary canine are big challenges of orthodontists,the right diagnosis is the key to successful treatment.In the past,diagnosis was based on 2-dimensional radiographs such as panoramic and periapical,which can be evaluated more accurately using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging nowadays.The clinical guidances of CBCT in the diagnosis and treatment of impacted maxillary canine are summarized in this artical.

Advance of mechanical regulation of the cytoskeleton ultrastructure LUO peng HU jiangtian （Dept. of Orthodontics ，Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University ,Yunnan 650031 China） [abstract] Different changes of stress-mediated cell ultrastructural changes directly affect the biological behavior of cells. In physiological and pathological mechanical stimulation, cell ultrastructure of conduction through a variety of signaling pathway becomes in response of mechanism and changes in structure and function, thus affecting the growth, differentiation, cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Cell ultrastructure of physiological and pathological changes of research is no longer limited to organizations, more towards the study of combination of mechanical and disease mechanisms 。This review discussed the recent advances in the ultrastructure changes in regulation of mechanical strain.