Objective:To observe the effect of 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20(S)-OXY) loaded mPEG-PLA polymeric micelles on the osteogenesis effect in the rabbit calvarial defect. Methods:The critical-sized rabbit calvarial defect model was constructed. The experiment was randomly divided into 4 groups, namely gelatin sponge group, empty micelles group (unloaded mPEG-PLA micelles), free drug group (1 000 μg free 20(S)-OXY), drug loaded micelles group (polymeric micelle systerm containing 1 000 μg 20(S)-OXY), the last three groups were with the gelatin sponge as the carrier. Rabbits were sacrificed at 3th and 6th weeks after operation. Using Micro-CT to three-dimensionally reconstruct the bone defects and measure the new bone mineral density and volume fraction. Fluorescence staining labeled the newly formed bone tissue. Toluidine blue staining was performed to observe the histomorphology of new bone formation and measure the new bone area. Results:At 3th and 6th weeks，there was more new bone formation in free drug group and drug loaded micelles group compared with that in gelatin sponge group and empty micelles group through the morphological observation and quantitative analysis（P<0.05）.The new bone tissue of gelatin sponge group, empty micelles group and free drug group was mainly located around the bone wound and pointed to the defect center, while the new bone tissue discontinuous with the bone wound also appeared in the defect center of drug loaded micelles group. Conclusions:The osteogenic induction ability of 20(S)-OXY loaded mPEG-PLA polymeric micelles in situ was better than that of free 20(S)-OXY. The new drug carrier of 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol could better promote the formation of new bone.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and efficacy of N-doped silicon quantum dots (N-SiQD) as fluorescent labeling materials for living cells of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). Methods: N-SiQD was characterized by transmission electron microscope and fluorescence spectrophotometer. HUVEC was cultured in vitro, and then co-cultured with different concentrations of N-SiQD. The CCK-8 and Calcein-AM/PI staining were used to evaluate the biosecurity of N-SiQD. Meanwhile, the effects of N-SiQD on tube formation of HUVEC were also observed, and the expression of angiogenesis genes was analyzed. Finally, the fluorescence labeling properties of N-SiQD on HUVEC in vitro was detected by confocal microscopy. Results: The N-SiQD as spherical nanoparticles with superior water-dispersibility was about 4.62 nm, and it showed green fluorescence under 488 nm exciting light. CCK-8 results showed that after 24 h co-incubation, compared with the control group, the activity of N-SiQD groups with a concentration of less than 800 μg/mL showed no statistical significance, while N-SiQD groups with a concentration of more than 1 000 μg/mL showed significant influence on cell proliferation (P<0.05). 400 μg/mL N-SiQD promoted the tube formation of HUVEC, and VEGFA gene expression was increased while VEGFB gene expression decreased, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Confocal microscopy showed that 400 μg/mL N-SiQD distributed well in the cytoplasm and emitted stable green fluorescence. At the excitation wavelength of 488 nm, N-SiQD could maintain about 40% of the initial fluorescence intensity within 30 min. Conclusions:The newly synthesized N-SiQD has good biocompatibility and fluorescence labeling function on living cells, and it may promote the behavioral function of HUVEC at appropriate concentration. Therefore, N-SiQD can be used to label living cells of HUVEC.

Objective:The salivary microbial communities in healthy and caries children with autism spectrum disorders were compared by third high-throughput sequencing platform combined with metagenomics technique. Methods:Saliva samples were collected from 22 healthy children (Caries-free, CF group) and 20 high caries (Caries-high, CH group) children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and the metagenomic DNA was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The full-length 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by Pacbio SMRT sequencing technique, and the difference of salivary microbial structure and composition was analyzed and compared between two groups. Results:The difference in microbial structure between the CF and CH group was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Moreover, the community structure in CH group was more similar and conserved (P＜0.05). The microbial composition analysis results identified three health-enriched taxa, namely, Bergeyella spp, Prevotella nanceiensis, and Staphylococcus aureus for CF group (P＜0.05), and four caries-enriched taxa including Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella oris, Dialister invisus and Fusobacterium nucleatum for CH group at species level (P＜0.05). Conclusions:The study characterized the caries-specific community structure and biomarkers of the oral microbiota in ASD children, which might help develop novel strategies for the prevention and diagnosis of dental caries in ASD children population.

?Objective:To build a direct co-culture cell sheets of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells and dental follicle cells (DFC) by simulating the microenvironment, so as to provide a new strategy for epithelium to participate in the regulation of periodontal ligament/cementum regeneration. Methods:The HERS cells and DFC in the same development stage and the same tooth germ were directly co-cultured to prepare the cell sheets. The morphological and histological characteristics were observed. Then we compared the differences of periodontal ligament/cementum formed abilities between them and dental follicle cell sheets. Results:The composite cell sheets were successfully constructed, which had much cell layers and could secrete abundant extracellular matrix. Compared with DFC sheets, the expressions of mineralization related proteins alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were higher. At the same time, the expressions of osteocalcin (OCN) and periodontal ligament associated proteins collagen I (COLI) were positive, while the expressions of OCN and COLI in DFC sheets were negative. Conclusions:The co-culture cell sheets have stronger abilities to form periodontal ligament/cementum. The HERS cells play a crucial regulatory role in the development of periodontal ligament/cementum.

Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of transcriptional enhancement-associated domain 2 (TEAD2) and its effect on cell biological behavior in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods:We selected 97 OSCC and 20 healthy oral mucosa samples. The expression level of TEAD2 in these samples was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and the relationships between its expression and clinical parameters and prognosis of OSCC patients were analyzed. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to transfect and silence TEAD2 of CAL27 cells and exploring the effects of TEAD2 silencing on the apoptosis, migration and invasion of CAL27 cells by flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation related proteins and genes were respectively detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Results:IHC results showed that the expression of TEAD2 in OSCC tissues was significantly higher than that of normal oral mucosa (P<0.05). The high expression of TEAD2 was correlated with tumor size, pathological grade, cervical lymph node metastasis. High expression group of TEAD2 had lower overall/disease-free survival rate of patients (P<0.05). After TEAD2 was silenced by siRNA, the apoptotic ability of CAL27 cells was increased, and the invasion and migration ability were decreased significantly (P<0.01). The protein and mRNA expression level of E-cadherin were significantly upregulated, while the expression level of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail were significantly decreased after TEAD2 was silenced (P<0.01). Conclusions:Our findings revealed that TEAD2 was overexpressed in OSCC, its high expression was related to the poor prognosis of OSCC patients, and involved in the regulation of OSCC cell migration, invasion and apoptosis.

Objective：To compare the ability of four different root canal preparation methods on the oval-shaped root canal anatomy using 3-dimensional(3D) printing technology. Methods：An extracted maxillary second premolar with a single oval-shaped canal was selected and scanned with micro-computed tomographic imaging, and 80 replicas of the teeth were produced with a 3D printer. Replicas were assigned into 4 groups(n=20) and shaped with ProTaper systems (A); ProTaper systems and 20# H files (B); ProTaper systems and 25# H files (C); ProTaper systems and 30# H files(D) in a crown-down technique. Before and after root canal preparations, all samples were scanned by micro-computed tomography scanner and three-dimensional images were reconstructed. Images recorded were evaluated for morphometric measures regarding increase in canal volume, dentin removed, surface area and untouched walls. Statistical analysis of data was performed using One-way analysis of variance and LSD tests(P<0.05). Results：When comparing among groups, there was no significant difference regarding the volumes and surface areas before preparing root canals (P>0.05).Group C and group D showed more increases in canal volume and dentin removed than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). Group D had the most increase in surface area and the least percentage of untouched walls. (P<0.05). Conclusions：ProTaper NiTi instruments combined with large size H-files presented the best cleaning ability in the oval-shaped root canals.

Objective：To evaluate the distinction of basal bone width and dental arch width before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, and to provide empirical reference and theoretical basis for clinical treatment. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion treated in the department of stomatology of Xuzhou Central Hospital from June 2017 to June 2021. Among them, 32 patients received orthodontic and orthognathic surgery, and 26 patients were screened out for preoperative orthodontic and maxillary arch expansion. CBCT image data were collected to establish three-dimensional images. The base bone discrepancies and dental arch widths of maxillomandibular were measured at initial diagnosis, after orthodontic arch expansion and after orthodontic surgery respectively. Paired samples t test was used to analyze the variances of base bone widths and dental arch widths after orthodontic arch expansion and after orthodontic surgery. Results：After maxillary arch enlargement, the width of basal bone and dental arch was wider than that at initial diagnosis, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The widths of maxillary base bone and dental arch which patients were operated on were less 2~5 mm than themselves when the first time they were treated with arch expansion by orthodontic appliances, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), while the widths of mandibular base bone widths and dental arch was not significantly narrowed compared with preopration, and the change was within 1mm in width, and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusions：Patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malformation usually require preoperative maxillary orthodontic arch expansion. After orthodontic arch expansion and orthodontic surgery, the maxillary base bone width and dental arch width of patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were narrowed compared with that before the surgery. And further arch expansion was required after orthodontic surgery, while there was no significant change in mandible.

Objective:To observe the ultrastructural changes of the bone cavity surface after Er: YAG laser irradiation on the preparation of the implant socket. Methods:By scanning electron microscope to observe the ultrastructure of the surface after the preparation of the sheep femur implant cavity, the control group used the conventional drilling method (step by step drill), but the experiment group took conventional bone drill preparation plus Er: YAG laser surface treatment implant cavity. Results:Er: YAG laser treatment of the cutting surface could retain bone beam structure, with cortial bone cavity open, but without stain layer residue. The surface of the bone cortex was open and porous, without staining layers. Compared with laser-treated surfaces, the porosity of the edge of traditional bone drilling cutting was reduced, and the tissue structure of the cutting surface was flat, similar to the “stain layer” of dental preparation. Conclusions:Er: YAG laser treats the surface of the implant cavity to form an open bone structure, might have a positive effect on the implant osteointegration.

D-Mannose is a kind of monosaccharide that widely distribute in body fluids and tissues, especially in nerves, skin, testis, retina, liver and intestines. It could display multiple functions. D-Mannose can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms and prevent urinary tract infection. D-Mannose could also play an anti-tumor function by inhibiting glucose metabolism of tumor cells. In addition, D-Mannose can regulate the immune response by regulating host immune cells and intestinal flora. In recent years, the biological effects of D-Mannose have been more and more deeply understood by scholars. This paper reviewed the latest progress of medical research on mannose and pointed out the potential of mannose in clinical application.

Family with sequence similarity 83 member A is widely expressed in various tumors and participates in the occurrence and development of human tumors. In recent years, FAM83A，closely related to clinical outcomes, has been proved to be a potential tumor-specific antigen, which plays a significant role in malignant tumors. In this paper, the structure of FAM83A, its role in malignant tumors and the potential prospects in clinical application were reviewed.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of congenital genetic diseases caused by ectodermal structural hypoplasia, including hydrotic ectodermal dysplasia and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED).The phenotypical manifestations of this disease are obvious in male patients, while female patients usually have no clinical symptoms or only partial symptoms.In this review we describe the diagnosis, pathogenesis and clinical intervention of the disease.