Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and is closely associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other autoimmune diseases, while the precise biological mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unclear. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms behind the interaction between periodontal disease and autoimmune diseases.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) patch loaded with berberine (BBR) for topical application as a postoperative oral dressing. Methods: The PVA patches were placed in aqueous solutions of BBR with different mass fractions (0, 2.5%, 5%), and the PVA patch materials containing different concentrations of BBR were prepared by drying after the BBR was dispersed homogeneously, and they were characterised and tested. The MTT method was used to test the biocompatibility of each group of patches. The antibacterial effects of each group of patch materials on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were compared by the circle of inhibition method. Finally, the haemostatic properties of the patch materials were assessed by in vitro procoagulant assay and rat tail-breaking model. Results: The drug-carrying patch materials in each group had good physicochemical properties and were capable of sustained and stable release of BBR in vitro. The patches in each group showed good biocompatibility. Compared with PVA patches, 2.5% BBR/PVA and 5% BBR/PVA patches showed significant bacteriostatic effects against periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum（P<0.001）. In vivo and vitro haemostatic experiments also showed that all groups had good haemostatic effects（P<0.001）. Conclusions: The BBR-loaded PVA patch material has good physicochemical and biological properties, and has good antibacterial effect against common periodontal pathogens and good haemostatic effect, which is expected to be used as a new type of oral topical antibacterial and haemostatic material.

Objective:?To determine the expression pattern, clinical significance and biological function of METTL5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods:?Bioinformatic interrogations and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were utilized for determining the expression and localization of METTL5 in OSCC, and for revealing the relationship between METTL5 expression and prognosis in OSCC patients. The association between the abundance of METTL5 protein and clinicopathological parameters of OSCC patients were evaluated by Chi-square test. CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were utilized to assess the changes in cellular malignant phenotype after METTL5 silencing in Cal27 cells. Results: METTL5 was upregulated in OSCC, and its aberrant overexpression was positively correlated with high pathological grade, cervical lymph node metastasis and reduced survival in OSCC patients (P=0.0337, 0.0138, P＜0.001). METTL5 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of Cal27 cells. Conclusions:?Our findings reveal that METTL5 promotes OSCC progression and acts as a biomarker to predict prognosis of OSCC patients.

Objective:?To investigate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Caspase-3 in kidney dysfunction related to periodontitis by establishing a mouse model of experimental periodontitis. Methods:?Twelve SPF-grade male C57 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a periodontitis group. Periodontitis was induced by ligating silk around the necks of the bilateral maxillary second molars. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed, and the three-dimensional structure of the alveolar bone was reconstructed using Micro-CT to analyze bone resorption. Histological changes in periodontal and kidney tissues were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining. Biochemical kits were used to detect kidney oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and kidney function indicators creatinine (Cre) and albumin (Alb). Mitochondrial superoxide red fluorescent probe staining was employed to assess ROS levels in kidney tissues, while terminal dexynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTPnick end labeling (TUNEL) staining evaluated renal cell apoptosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure expression levels of NF-κB, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and in B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (Bax) kidney tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), JNK, NF-κB, and Caspase-3 expressions in kidney tissues. Results: Compared to the control group, mice in the periodontitis group exhibited gingival hyperemia and swelling around the maxillary second molars. Micro-CT analysis revealed significant alveolar bone resorption in the periodontitis group, with an increased distance from the enamel-dentin junction to the alveolar ridge crest. Iirregular elongation of the gingival epithelial rete pegs, accompanied by resorption at the alveolar ridge crest, damage to the glomerular structure, and expansion of Bowman's space were showed. The thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and a reduction in the brush border of renal tubules in the periodontitis group were indicated. Biochemical assays demonstrated elevated MDA levels, decreased SOD and GSH levels in the kidney tissue of periodontitis mice (P＜0.05), along with increased serum levels of Cre and Alb (P＜0.05). Elevated ROS levels in the renal tissue of periodontitis mice was shown(P＜0.05). TUNEL staining results indicated an increase in the number of apoptotic renal cells in the periodontitis group (P＜0.05). qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, Bax, and NF-κB in the kidney tissue of periodontitis mice were increased (P＜0.05), while the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P＜0.05). The expression of JNK, p-JNK, NF-κB, and Caspase-3 was significantly elevated (P＜0.05). Conclusions: The JNK/NF-κB/Caspase-3 may play a crucial role in affecting renal cell apoptosis, contributing to kidney dysfunction induced by periodontitis.

Objective:?Evaluating the effect of a elastic auxiliary devices on the accuracy of full-arch scans captured with intraoral scanners (IOS).Methods:?A model of the mandibular edentulous jaw implant restoration (containing 4 implants) was 3D printed, and the model was scanned using a desktop scanner as reference group, followed by 5 different intraoral scanning techniques: ICam4D stereophotogrammetry (SPG group), standard scan bodies (cIOS group), scan bodies with transverse extension device (mIOS group), scan bodies with elastic assist device (eIOS group), and scan bodies with additional resin block (rIOS group) were subjected to digital impression making as experimental group, and the alternative body data were generated in EXOCAD software. Best-fit alignments of the experimental group separately and the reference data of the alternative body data were performed to calculate the 3D deviations of the five different intraoral scanning techniques. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the root-mean-square (RMS) 3D differences in trueness and precision between the five impression techniques.Results:For trueness, the SPG group showed the smallest deviation and was significantly superior to the cIOS group (P＜0.05). For precision, the cIOS group had a significantly larger deviation than the other four groups (P＜0.01). Conclusions:?The use of elastic auxiliary devices reduces the overall 3D bias of intraoral scanning, and stereophotogrammetry techniques show optimal trueness and precision, both of which meet the accuracy needs of digital impressions for edentulous jaw implants.

Due to the unique anatomical conditions of periodontal tissues, achieving an optimal therapeutic effect for deep pockets and root bifurcation lesions with periodontal basic treatment alone is challenging. Therefore, local drug administration has become a common adjuvant therapy. Polymer micelles are nanoparticles formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic block polymers. Because their ease of preparation, excellent drug loading performance, surface modification capabilities, and ability to release drugs under various conditions, numerous studies have reported the application of amphiphilic polymer micelles in biomedical delivery in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of micelle composition, preparation methods, intelligent response characteristics, and their applications in the field of periodontitis.

Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are intimately linked in bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is currently the most commonly used BMP in clinical practice. As our understanding of BMP deepens, their regulatory influence on angiogenesis emerges as a crucial pathway in promoting bone regeneration. Hence, this paper provides an overview of BMP's modulation of angiogenic functions in various cell types involved in bone regeneration, aiming to offer insights and theoretical foundations for clinical interventions in bone regenerarion.

Unlike conventional αβ T cells, γδ T cells do not rely on MHC to mediate antigen recognition, and thus have great potential for application in cancer immunotherapy. The article summarizes the major subpopulations of γδ T cells and their roles in the tumor microenvironment, and analyzes current immunotherapy strategies. Finally, it points out the challenges to be considered in clinical applications and future research directions, which provide new ideas for immunotherapy of oral squamous carcinoma and other tumors.

Caseinolytic protease (Clp) P is widely present in various bacteria, responsible for maintaining the protein homeostasis in bacteria, degrading the misfolded or abnormally accumulated proteins recognized by the regulatory subunit adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent endopeptidase Clp. By regulating the expression of related genes and protein substrates, ClpP maintains the bacteria homeostasis, participates in the formation of cell walls and biofilms, as well as in the resistance of complex stress, thus affects the biological function of bacteria. This review elaborates the effects of ClpP protease on the biological behavior and homeostasis regulatory mechanism of various oral pathogenic bacteria.

Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, has been established as playing a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including cell apoptosis and proliferation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research advancements in ceramide's role in oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors, aiming to provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.